Indima yezalathi ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kulimo lwaselwandle

Indima yezalathi ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kulimo lwaselwandle

Njengoko intetho isitsho, ukukhulisa iintlanzi kuqala kuphakamisa amanzi, nto leyo ebonisa ukubaluleka kokusingqongileyo kwamanzi kwi-aquaculture.Kwinkqubo yokufuya, umgangatho womgangatho wamanzi we-aquaculture ujongwa ikakhulu ngokufumanisa izikhombisi ezininzi ezifana nexabiso le-pH, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-nitrite nitrogen, i-sulfide kunye ne-oksijini enyibilikileyo.Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda indima yezibonakaliso ezininzi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali emanzini .

1.pH

I-Acidity kunye ne-alkalinity luphawu olubanzi olubonisa umgangatho wamanzi, kwaye luyinto ephambili echaphazela ngqo impilo yeentlanzi.Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalise ukuba i-pH yemekobume yamanzi ekukhuleni kwentlanzi iphakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-8.5.Iphezulu kakhulu okanye iphantsi kakhulu iya kuchaphazela ukukhula kweentlanzi kwaye ibangele ukufa kweentlanzi.Intlanzi emanzini e-alkaline kunye ne-pH ephezulu kune-9.0 iya kubandezeleka kwi-alkalosis, kwaye iya kubangela ukuba intlanzi ikhuphe i-mucus eninzi, eya kuchaphazela ukuphefumla.I-pH ephezulu kune-10.5 iya kubangela ngokuthe ngqo ukufa kweentlanzi.Emanzini ane-asidi ene-pH engaphantsi kwe-5.0, amandla okuphatha i-oksijini yegazi yentlanzi ayancitshiswa, okubangela i-hypoxia, i-dyspnea, ukunciphisa ukutya, ukunciphisa ukutya, kunye nokukhula okucothayo.Amanzi ane-asidi akhokelela kwinani elikhulu lezifo zeentlanzi ezibangelwa yi-protozoa, njenge-sporozoites kunye ne-ciliates.

2.Dioksijini enyibilikisiweyo

I-oxygen concentration ye-oksijini echithiweyo yisalathisi esibalulekileyo somgangatho wamanzi e-aquaculture, kwaye i-oksijini echithwe emanzini kufuneka igcinwe kwi-5-8 mg / L.Ioksijini enyibilikayo eyaneleyo inokubangela iintloko ezidadayo, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, iya kuchaphazela ukukhula kweentlanzi kwaye ibangele ukufa kwe-pan-ponds.Ukuxinwa kweoksijini echithwe kumzimba wamanzi kuchaphazela ngqo umxholo wezinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni wamanzi.Ukugcina ioksijini eyaneleyo enyibilikisiweyo kumzimba wamanzi kunokunciphisa umxholo wezinto ezinobuthi ezifana ne-nitrite nitrogen kunye ne-sulfide.Ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo eyaneleyo emanzini inokwandisa ukhuseleko lwezinto zokuzala kunye nokwandisa ukunyamezela kwazo kwiindawo ezingalunganga.

1.Nitrite nitrogen

Umxholo we-nitrite nitrogen emanzini udlula i-0.1mg / L, eya kulimaza ngokuthe ngqo intlanzi.Ukuthintelwa kokusabela kwe-nitrification emanzini ngunobangela othe ngqo wokuveliswa kwe-nitrite nitrogen.Ukusabela kwe-nitrification yeebhaktheriya ezivelisa i-nitrifying yamanzi kuchatshazelwa bubushushu, i-pH kunye ne-oksijini enyibilikileyo emanzini.Ngoko ke, umxholo we-nitrite nitrogen emanzini unxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobushushu bamanzi, i-pH kunye ne-oksijini enyibilikileyo.

2. I-Sulfidi

Ubutyhefu besulfide ikakhulu bubhekisa kwityhefu yehydrogen sulfide.I-Hydrogen sulfide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu, ukuxinwa okuphantsi kuchaphazela ukukhula kwezinto ze-aquaculture, kwaye ugxininiso oluphezulu luya kukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kwityhefu kunye nokufa kwezinto ze-aquaculture.Umonakalo we-hydrogen sulfide ufana ne-nitrite, ikakhulu echaphazela umsebenzi wokuthwala i-oxygen egazini lentlanzi, okukhokelela kwi-hypoxia yentlanzi.Uxinzelelo lwe-hydrogen sulfide kumanzi okulima emanzini kufuneka ilawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-0.1mg/L.

Ke ngoko, ukubamba ngokuchanekileyo ezi zinto zovavanyo, ukwenza uvavanyo rhoqo, kunye nokwamkela amanyathelo ahambelanayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu izinga lokusinda kweentlanzi kunye ne-shrimp kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuzala.

T-AM Aquaculture Portable Colorimeter